Growing Gut Microbes to Fight Disease and Improve Human Health

Researcher Greg Medlock just received his Ph.D. from UVA, and he has already snagged a highly competitive grant from Grand Challenges Explorations, an initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The $100,000 in seed funding will let him identify how to optimize the production of 10 different gut microbes so that they can be custom-blended to battle disease. Discoveries at UVA alone have linked gut health to autism, cancer and depression, and that is just the tip of the iceberg.

Researcher Greg Medlock will use a Gates Foundation grant to grow disease-fighting gut microbes. (Photos by Dan Addison, University Communications)

“The first goal is to grow each of the gut microbes across many different conditions and try to identify the compounds that they produce and consume,” Medlock said. “The second goal is to use those relationships [between what they’re] consuming and producing to put them together in the same culture so that they share resources efficiently. … When the microbes share the resources, you get more bang for your buck.”

A Dating App for Gut Bugs

To grow gut bugs in bulk, Medlock will need to facilitate that resource-sharing in a big way. The goal is to find just the right pairings, so that nothing goes to waste. What one bug makes, another consumes.

To determine that ideal state, Medlock will develop a complex computer algorithm that incorporates a tremendous number of variables. He’ll apply advanced mathematical methods that were at the core of his training with Jason Papin in UVA’s Department of Biomedical Engineering. (Papin encouraged Medlock to apply for the Gates Foundation funding, too.)

By finding just the right mixes of bacteria, Medlock will be able to ensure all of the microbes grow with maximum speed and efficiency.

“When we talk about algorithms for matching organisms that are compatible, you might sort of think about algorithms that are used to match people for dating,” said Dr. Sean Moore, a pediatric gastroenterologist at the UVA Children’s Hospital whose lab Medlock now works in. “We use that kind of math or computation and it goes into figuring out whether microbes are going to be compatible.”

Greg Medlock, second from left with other members of Dr. Sean Moore’s lab, is determining how to grow microbes most efficiently. He compared it to figuring out how to best fit many items in a box.

A New Industry to Improve Health

Once the researchers can grow the bugs in quantity, scientists will be able to use them to create custom blends to benefit patients. A doctor, for example, might prescribe a certain recipe to improve your gut health, to battle disease or even improve mental health. Bulk production of probiotics could be especially valuable in the developing world, to battle diarrhea and malnutrition – a key concern of the Gates Foundation.

Researchers are excited about the possibilities. As such, Medlock sees his work as laying an important foundation for the future.

“The very earliest microbiome-based products for clinical use are just coming through the pipeline now,” he said. “But since we know that the microbiome is involved in so many different conditions, we should have strategies for creating them on demand. If we lower some of the barriers, then companies can be quicker to commercialize products, and that will get these treatments to patients sooner.”

By Josh Barney, Reprinted from UVAToday

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